The basics, explained.
This is an introduction to R&D Tax Credit. For your specific situation, consult your tax pro or our Marketplace.
Federal credit for qualified R&D spending. Available to startups + established cos.
The full guide below covers eligibility, deadlines, calculation, and filing. If you want us to handle the filing inside your BOS, click the relevant CTA.
Common questions.
What is the R&D tax credit?
The research and development tax credit is a federal (and often state) incentive that rewards businesses for qualifying research activities, such as developing or improving products, processes, or software, by offsetting tax, and some startups can apply it against payroll taxes. We keep your entity and records organized so a credit study rests on clean data.
Who qualifies for the R&D credit?
Businesses that perform qualifying research, developing or improving products, processes, techniques, or software through experimentation, can qualify, and it is not limited to labs or big companies, so many tech and product startups qualify. We flag whether your activities likely qualify so you explore the credit rather than assuming it is out of reach.
Can a startup with no profit use the R&D credit?
Yes: qualifying small startups can elect to apply a portion of the R&D credit against payroll taxes rather than income tax, so a pre-profit company can still benefit. We flag whether your startup qualifies for the payroll-offset election so an early-stage company captures the credit it is entitled to.
What activities qualify as research?
Activities aimed at developing or improving products, processes, software, or techniques through a process of experimentation to resolve technical uncertainty generally qualify, while routine work does not, so the technical nature matters. We flag what likely qualifies so a study focuses on genuinely eligible activities.
What records do I need for the credit?
You need documentation of the qualifying activities and the associated wages, supplies, and contract research costs, since the credit is substantiated by records, so contemporaneous documentation matters. We keep your records organized so an R&D credit study has the support it needs to hold up.
Is the R&D credit worth pursuing?
For businesses with meaningful qualifying activity it can be significant, but a proper study has cost, so it suits companies with enough eligible spending to justify it. We flag whether your activity level makes a study worthwhile so you pursue the credit where it pays off rather than for a small benefit.
Does a study need a specialist?
Yes: an R&D credit study is typically performed by specialists who identify qualifying activities and costs and document them to withstand scrutiny, since the credit is technical and audit-sensitive. We keep your entity and records organized and coordinate with the study provider so the credit is claimed defensibly.
How does the credit interact with my entity?
Your entity and tax structure affect how the credit flows, to the entity, to owners, or against payroll, so structure matters to how you use it. We keep your entity organized and flag how the credit applies to your structure so the benefit reaches you correctly.
Can File.Business help me pursue the R&D credit?
We keep your entity and records organized so a study rests on clean data, flag whether your activities likely qualify and whether the payroll-offset election fits, and coordinate with the R&D credit specialists and your CPA, so an eligible business captures the credit.