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DefinitionBOI reporting (Beneficial Ownership Information) is a federal filing required of most US LLCs, Corporations, and similar entities by the Corporate Transparency Act. The filing iden
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Plain English Guide
What Is Boi Reporting · File.Business

What is BOI Reporting? The new federal disclosure rule.

BOI reporting (Beneficial Ownership Information) is a federal filing required of most US LLCs, Corporations, and similar entities by the Corporate Transparency Act. The filing identifies the human beings who ultimately own or control the entity, and is filed with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). The penalty for missing it is up to $591 per day.

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Formal Definition

Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) reporting is a US federal filing requirement under the Corporate Transparency Act of 2021. It requires most domestic and foreign-qualified US entities to disclose information about their "beneficial owners" (individuals who ultimately own or control the entity) to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).

In plain English

Here is what that actually means.

The goal of BOI reporting is to make it harder to hide ownership of US businesses behind shell companies. Before the Corporate Transparency Act, US LLCs were easy to form anonymously and were used in money laundering schemes. The BOI rule changes that by requiring the identification of every individual who owns 25% or more of an entity or exercises "substantial control" over it.

The information you submit is NOT public. It is held in a secure FinCEN database and shared only with law enforcement, regulators, and certain financial institutions when they have a legal basis to access it. This is the most common point of confusion: BOI is required, but it is not on the public state record.

Most US LLCs and Corporations must file an initial BOI report within 30 days of formation (for entities formed in 2025 or later), or within 90 days (for entities formed in 2024), or by January 1, 2025 (for entities formed before 2024). An updated report is required within 30 days of any change to the reported information.

Key facts

The four things to know.

Federal filing
Filed with FinCEN, not the state
30-day deadline
For new entities formed in 2025+; 30 days from formation
Not public
Information stays in the secure FinCEN database
$591/day penalty
Civil penalty for willful failure to file
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Who needs this

Common situations.

Most LLCs and Corporations Default requirement; exemptions are narrow.
Foreign-qualified entities Foreign-formed entities registered to do business in the US.
Limited Partnerships and LLPs Same requirement applies.
Business trusts If formed by state filing.
How it compares

Related concepts side by side.

BOI vs Annual Report
Annual reports are filed with the state; renew the entity's good standing. BOI is filed with FinCEN; identifies beneficial owners. Different filings, different agencies.
BOI vs EIN application
EIN is the federal tax ID. BOI is a federal ownership disclosure. Both federal; different purposes and different agencies (IRS vs FinCEN).
BOI vs Articles of Organization
Articles are state filings that create the entity. BOI is a federal filing that identifies owners after the entity is created.
FAQ

Common questions.

Who has to file a BOI report?
Most domestic LLCs, Corporations, LLPs, LPs, and similar entities formed by filing with a Secretary of State. Most foreign entities registered to do business in the US. There are 23 exemption categories, but they are narrow (banks, broker-dealers, large operating companies, regulated entities, tax-exempt nonprofits).
What information is required?
Entity info: legal name, DBA names, principal address, state of formation, EIN. Beneficial owner info: full name, date of birth, current address, government ID number, image of ID.
Who is a "beneficial owner"?
Anyone who owns 25% or more of the entity, OR exercises "substantial control" (CEO, CFO, COO, president, general counsel, senior officer with substantial decision-making authority).
What are the deadlines?
Entities formed before 2024: initial BOI was due January 1, 2025 (this has passed). Entities formed during 2024: 90 days from formation. Entities formed 2025+: 30 days from formation. Updates: 30 days from any change to reported info.
What is the penalty for missing BOI?
Civil penalty up to $591 per day (adjusts annually for inflation), capped at $10,000. Willful failure can also be a federal crime with imprisonment up to 2 years.
How much does it cost to file BOI?
No cost to file directly with FinCEN (boiefiling.fincen.gov). Our service fee is $79 if you want us to handle it, or it is included on our Growth plan.
Is the BOI report public?
No. The BOI database is restricted to authorized law-enforcement and regulated financial institutions. The information is not on the public record.
How often do I have to file?
Initial filing is one-time. Updates are required within 30 days of changes (address, members, officers, ID). No annual filing.
Does a single-member LLC need to file?
Yes, unless exempt. The single member is the beneficial owner (both as 25%+ owner and as the person with substantial control).
Does a real estate holding LLC need to file?
Yes. Real estate LLCs are not exempt unless they qualify under one of the 23 narrow categories (which is unusual for property-holding entities).
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